There will be an instantaneous reaction involving the formation of bubbles (the release of carbon dioxide). Observe caution when working with hydrochloric acid.Īdd several pieces of marble to the vessel and drip hydrochloric acid on it using the pipette. Perform this experiment in a well-ventilated room. Look here for safe chemistry experiments you can do at home Warning! Don’t try to perform this experiment without professional supervision! The reaction of the acid with metal oxides forms salt and water:ĬuO + 2HCl = CuCl₂ + H₂O Reaction of hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate For example, the alkaline metal lithium reacts violently, while aluminum reacts only weakly due to its durable oxide film.ĢHCl + Mg = MgCl₂ + H₂↑ Magnesium chloride used for ice removal on streets The colorless acid with the harsh smell of hydrogen chloride reacts well with metals the metal atoms reduce the hydrogen cations in an oxidation-reduction reaction.Ĭhemical reactions with metals are mainly accompanied by the release of hydrogen, the intensity of which depends on the activity of the metal. Hydrochloric acid is used in medicine, industry, and chemical reactions. Acid obtained via this method is of technical or industrial grade. Hydrochloric acid can also be obtained from the secondary gases released in a number of chemical processes, such as when hydrocarbons are chlorinated. Hydrogen chloride itself is obtained by burning hydrogen in chlorine to yield a synthetic acid. Hydrogen chloride gas dissolves in water. When conducting chemical experiments, it is recommended to use a respirator and protective eyewear. You should remember that opening a container with concentrated acid releases HCl fumes capable of harming the eyes and respiratory system. When working with strong acids, you should always have neutralizers at hand – weak alkaline solutions, sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), etc. This substance is very caustic and requires careful handling: even a small drop on the skin will cause a severe chemical burn. The salts of hydrochloric acid are called chlorides. The properties of this solution depend directly on the concentration of hydrogen chloride. It is a colorless liquid, although industrial acid can have a yellow tint, often due to a mixture of iron. Hydrochloric acid is a strong monobasic acid and is obtained via the dissolution of hydrogen chloride HCl in water. СаСO₃ + 4C = СаC₂ + 3СО↑ Hydrochloric acid Molecule of hydrochloric acid If limestone or marble is heated to a temperature of 900-1000☌, the resulting chemical processes yield carbon dioxide and the desired calcium oxide CaO:īut if the temperature is even higher (1500☌) and a carbon source is present, the reaction will produce calcium carbide and carbon monoxide: Calcination is the general name for the chemical alteration of substances via firing or heating to high temperatures. In industry, the calcium oxide needed for the above process is produced via calcination. Calcium carbonate precipitates:Ĭalcium oxide, also known as quicklime or burnt lime, is commonly used in construction. Carbon dioxide is then passed through the previously-prepared solution. Water is mixed with calcium oxide to yield calcium hydroxide. In the laboratory, pure calcium carbonate can be obtained via calcium oxide slaking followed by carbon dioxide gas bubbling.
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